Simple Summary
A standard interface for tokens.
Abstract
The following standard allows for the implementation of a standard API for tokens within smart contracts.This standard provides basic functionality to transfer tokens, as well as allow tokens to be approved so they can be spent by another on-chain third party.
Motivation
A standard interface allows any tokens on Ethereum to be re-used by other applications: from wallets to decentralized exchanges.
Token
Methods
NOTE: Callers MUST handle false
from returns (bool success)
. Callers MUST NOT assume that false
is never returned!
name
Returns the name of the token - e.g. "MyToken"
.
OPTIONAL - This method can be used to improve usability,but interfaces and other contracts MUST NOT expect these values to be present.
function name() view returns (string name)
symbol
Returns the symbol of the token. E.g. "HIX".
OPTIONAL - This method can be used to improve usability,but interfaces and other contracts MUST NOT expect these values to be present.
function symbol() view returns (string symbol)
decimals
Returns the number of decimals the token uses - e.g. 8
, means to divide the token amount by 100000000
to get its user representation.
OPTIONAL - This method can be used to improve usability,but interfaces and other contracts MUST NOT expect these values to be present.
function decimals() view returns (uint8 decimals)
totalSupply
Returns the total token supply.
function totalSupply() view returns (uint256 totalSupply)
balanceOf
Returns the account balance of another account with address _owner
.
function balanceOf(address _owner) view returns (uint256 balance)
transfer
Transfers _value
amount of tokens to address _to
, and MUST fire the Transfer
event.The function SHOULD throw
if the _from
account balance does not have enough tokens to spend.
Note Transfers of 0 values MUST be treated as normal transfers and fire the Transfer
event.
function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success)
transferFrom
Transfers _value
amount of tokens from address _from
to address _to
, and MUST fire the Transfer
event.
The transferFrom
method is used for a withdraw workflow, allowing contracts to transfer tokens on your behalf.This can be used for example to allow a contract to transfer tokens on your behalf and/or to charge fees in sub-currencies.The function SHOULD throw
unless the _from
account has deliberately authorized the sender of the message via some mechanism.
Note Transfers of 0 values MUST be treated as normal transfers and fire the Transfer
event.
function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success)
approve
Allows _spender
to withdraw from your account multiple times, up to the _value
amount. If this function is called again it overwrites the current allowance with _value
.
NOTE: To prevent attack vectors like the one described here and discussed here,clients SHOULD make sure to create user interfaces in such a way that they set the allowance first to 0
before setting it to another value for the same spender.THOUGH The contract itself shouldn't enforce it, to allow backwards compatibility with contracts deployed before
function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) returns (bool success)
allowance
Returns the amount which _spender
is still allowed to withdraw from _owner
.
function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) view returns (uint256 remaining)
Events
Transfer
MUST trigger when tokens are transferred, including zero value transfers.
A token contract which creates new tokens SHOULD trigger a Transfer event with the _from
address set to 0x0
when tokens are created.
event Transfer(address indexed _from, address indexed _to, uint256 _value)
Approval
MUST trigger on any successful call to approve(address _spender, uint256 _value)
.
event Approval(address indexed _owner, address indexed _spender, uint256 _value)
Implementation
There are already plenty of ERC20-compliant tokens deployed on the Ethereum network.Different implementations have been written by various teams that have different trade-offs: from gas saving to improved security.
Example implementations are available at
- https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/zeppelin-solidity/blob/master/contracts/token/ERC20/StandardToken.sol
- https://github.com/ConsenSys/Tokens/blob/master/contracts/eip20/EIP20.sol
Implementation of adding the force to 0 before calling "approve" again:
History
Historical links related to this standard:
- Original proposal from Vitalik Buterin: https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Standardized_Contract_APIs/499c882f3ec123537fc2fccd57eaa29e6032fe4a
- Reddit discussion: https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/3n8fkn/lets_talk_about_the_coin_standard/
- Original Issue #20: https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20
Copyright
Copyright and related rights waived via CC0.
Source: https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-20.md#specification